Django Settings Not Found

Posted on 3 mins read

Django Settings Not Found

个人一直在用PyCharm开发Django应用,某天切换到VSCode后,发现执行django-admin runserver启动django报错,报错内容如下:

django-admin runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/bin/django-admin", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 442, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 436, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 412, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 74, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 458, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 81, in handle
    if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in _setup
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEBUG, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

报错原因是django启动的时候没有指定settings文件,解决方法有两种:

  1. 在系统的环境变量中添加DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=dj.settings
  1. 只当django-admin runserver时指定settings文件
django-admin runserver --settings=dj.settings

通过以上操作后,不出意外的话应该就会出现意外,上面的报错没有了,但是紧接着又出现另外一个错误:

django-admin runserver --settings=dj.settings
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 412, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 74, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 458, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 81, in handle
    if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 89, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 217, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 992, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1004, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'dj'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/bin/django-admin", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 442, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 436, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 425, in run_from_argv
    connections.close_all()
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 84, in close_all
    for conn in self.all(initialized_only=True):
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 76, in all
    return [
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 73, in __iter__
    return iter(self.settings)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 57, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 45, in settings
    self._settings = self.configure_settings(self._settings)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 148, in configure_settings
    databases = super().configure_settings(databases)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 50, in configure_settings
    settings = getattr(django_settings, self.settings_name)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 89, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/home/gaox/dj/dj/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 217, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 992, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1004, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'dj'

提示找不到dj这个模块,是因为前面设置了DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=dj.settings,django启动的时候就会从dj这个模块中导入settings,很遗憾,哪里出问题了找不到dj这个模块.解决这个问题我们不得不认识下PYTHONPATH这个环境变量,PYTHONPATH的作用就是将一个目录设置为一个包,从而可以在其他位置import. settings文件在项目的路径是/home/gaox/dj/dj,设置环境变量:

PYTHONPATH=/home/gaox/dj/dj

以上操作基本就能解决django相关启动报错问题,为什么在PyCharm中从来没有配置过这些内容,启动也不会报错呢?是因为PyCharm对Django做了相关支持,通过PyCharm创建的Django项目默认都配置这几个参数.

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